Bag turning apparatus



June 26, 1934- c. F. SPARKS BAG TURNING APPARATUS Filed Oct. 26, 1932 7 Sheets-Sheet 1 June 26, 1934. c SPARKS 1,964,303

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Filed Oct. 26. 1932 7 Sheets-Sheet 6 n I H l [I I ll ll llfllmll Patented June 26, 1934 BAG TURNING APPARATUS Charles F. Sparks, St. Louis, Mo., assignor to Bemis Bro. Bag 00., St. Louis, Mo., a corporation of Missouri Application October 26, 1932, Serial No. 639,555

38 Claims. (Cl. 223-20) This invention relates to bag turning apparatus, and with regard to certain more specific features, to automatic apparatus of this class. The invention is an improvement upon the construction shown and described in my Patent 1,828,881, dated October 27, 1931.

Objects Among the several objects of the invention may be noted the provision of bag turning apparatus of more compact form wherein final bag delivery is made inside of the machine, instead of outside thereof thereby shortening the machine; the provision of apparatus of the class described having improved bag turning and holding means; the provision of apparatus of the class described having both improved lifting and pickup means for bags to be turned; the provision of apparatus of this class having the feature of effective exit ironing means; and the provision of a form of the apparatus wherein besides turning a bag, the bag is simultaneously lined with a liner. Other objects will be in part obvious and in part pointed out hereinafter.

The invention comprises the elements and combinations of elements, features of construction, and arrangements of parts which will be exemplified in the structures hereinafter described, and the scope of the application of which will be indicated in the following claims.

In the accompanying drawings, in which are illustrated several of various possible embodiments of the invention,

Fig. 1 is a side elevation of one form of the machine;

Fig. 2 is a cross section taken substantially along line 22 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a plan view of a tilting bag opening mechanism, taken substantially on line 33 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a plan View of a delivery end of the machine shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is an end View of Fig. 4 and is viewed from line 55 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 6 is a plan view of a bag lifting table, taken substantially along line 66 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 7 is a detailed elevation of a raising mechanism P, shown generally in Fig. 1 in side elevation;

Fig. 8 is a fragmentary side elevation similar 'to the side elevation shown in Fig. 1, except that it portrays an alternative form of machine for both turning and lining bags;

manual pick-up mechanism, being viewed from line 9-9 of Fig. 8;

Fig. 10 is a horizontal section taken substantially along line 10-10 of Fig. 8;

Fig. 11 is a view similar to Fig. 3, but showing an alternative construction comprising an automatic stop mechanism;

Fig. 12 is a fragmentary enlarged side elevation of an improved form of pick-up mechanism;

Fig. 13 is an end view taken from the right of Fig. 12;

Fig. 14 is a View similar to Fig. 12 showing another form of the improved pick-up movement; and,

Fig. 15 is a fragmentary view of parts of Fig. 14 in alternative position.

Similar reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views of the drawings.

Turning sticks Referring now more particularly to Fig. 1, there is illustrated at numeral 1 a framework having an upper extension 3 which carries a. main rock shaft 5 whereon a turning frame 7 is oscillatingly mounted. This frame '7 is oscillated through a suitable angle by means of a connecting rod 9 reaching from an extension 8 of the frame 7 to a crank pin '11, the latter being located on a gear 13 (see also Figs. 4 and 5).

The gear 13 is located on a jack shaft 15 borne on said frame. At-this point comes the first distinction between this machine and its predecessor in said Patent 1,828,881. This distinction is the fact that the jack shaft 15, instead of being placed at a downward location in the frame where it may interfere with certain internal delivery of bags, is placed upwardly on said frame so that the bags may be delivered interiorly in the manher to be described, and thus to shorten the machine and save floor space.

The gear 13 is driven by pinion 12 on a shaft 14,

the latter being driven by a pulley 16. The pulley 16 is driven from a motor 2 by means of a belt 4. Hence it will be seen that upon rotation of the gear 13, the crank pin 11 causes oscillation of the turning frame'l, this being effected by way of the connecting rod 9.

The turning frame 7 carries laterally swingable turning sticks 17. These sticks 17 are arcuately formed with the rock shaft 5 as a center and have branches forming rocking elements 19 supported in bearings 21 in the turning frame '7. Each of the pair of rocking elements 19 also has an upper branch or arm 23 reaching therefrom in the general direction of the turning sticks 17.

The arms 23 reach forwardly where they are provided with followers 25 engageable with arouate cams 27 (see also Fig. 2). The cams 27 are fastened to the frame 1 by means of bolts 29 and a frame extension 6 and are readily replaceable by merely unfastening and refastening said bolts 29 (Fig. 2). The curvature of said cams 27 is about said rock shaft 5 as center (Fig. 1). Thus the followers are engageable with the earns 27 and are guided ther by; from whence the turning sticks 17 are laterally controlled to spread as said sticks oscillate under action of the swinging of the turning frame 7. The corresponding spread of the cams is shown in Fig. 2.

Each of the followers 25 comprises a roller 24 hearing on one side of its respective cam 27 and a hooked finger 30 hearing on the other side of said cam, whereby a positive guiding effect is attained.

The detailed shapes of the earns 27 are such as to bring about certain functions of the turning sticks 17 to be referred to hereinafter. Thus the turning sticks 17 oscillate longitudinally of their arcuate lengths and at the same time move laterally, that is to say, spread apart and approach one another as they advance and retract arcuately around the center line of the rock shaft 5.

Pick-up for opening bag mouths In Fig. 1, the gear 13 is shown as being on the far side of the machine, as therein viewed (to the right of the machine when viewed from the rear as in Fig. 5). Next to the gear 13 on the shaft 15 (approaching the reader in Fig. 1) is a cam A (Figs. 1, 4 and 5) which engages a follower 31 carried upon a rocking lever 33.

The lever 33 rocks on a shaft 10 borne in bearings 47. A connecting rod 35 links the oscillating lever 33 with a set of fly fingers 37 which are in turn pivoted downwardly to the frame at 39. From this it will be seen that rotation of the cam A results in oscillation of the fly fingers 37 from the substantially vertical dotted line position shown in Fig. 1 to the downward solid line position shown in said Fig. 1.

Proceeding to the left in Fig. 4 on shaft 15, the next cam comprises cam B which oscillates by means of a follower 273 a rocker arm 41. The rocker arm 41 is supported on a shaft 43, the latterbeing borne in bearings 44. The opposite end of the rocker arm 41 is connected by means of a rod 42 with a pick-up arm 45, said pick-up arm 45 being pivoted to the frame at 40 (Fig. 1).

The said connection between the rod 42 and the pick-up arm is made by way of a bell crank 46. said bell crank 46 being oscillatingly pivoted to the pick-up arm 45. On its downwardly extending arm 49, said bell crank 46 has pivoted fingers or claws 51 which reach forwardly along the length of the pick-up arm 45 upon which said fingers 51 rest. Beyond the end portion 53 of said arm 45 each finger 51 is formed downwardly as an L-shape 55. The length of the L- shaped extension is somewhat greater than the depth of the forward face 63 of the pick-up arms 45 so that when said arm 45 is depressed, upon a stack of bags S, the fingers 51 will rest of their own weight upon the uppermost layer of fabric of the stack of bags. Further details of this pick-up mechanism are not described herein, inasmuch as they are made clear in said Patent 1,828,881.

As the cam B rotates, the arm 41 is oscillated and thus the connecting rod 42 lifted up and down, whereupon the pick-up arm 45 is likewise moved because of the connection with rod 42 by way of bell crank 46.

This oscillation takes place to and from a stack of bags such as shown at S. The operation starts with the pick-up arm 45 lying near the topmost layer of cloth of the stack S. This means that the fingers 51 are also lying loosely on the topmost layer. As stated in said Patent 1,828,381, the members 51 have needle points or spiculate parts for pricking the upper layer of cloth but these do not pass through said upper layer, that is to say, they do not extend into the second layer of cloth.

Next, the link 42 tends to be lifted. This first rocks the bell crank 46 counterclockwise to draw the fingers 51 forwardly. The needle points in catching or pricking the upper layer of cloth force a wrinkle ahead of the face of the claw 51 and in between said face and the forward face 63 of the arm 45. This action continues until the wrinkle is caught between said faces and definitely pinched into position. This does not involve a second layer of cloth, the upper layer sliding on the second layer. Thus is the motion of the bell crank limited, and after it has stopped its movement on the wrinkle, the connecting rod 42 lifts the bell crank 46 and the connected arm 45 until an upper roller stop 67 is engaged. Further upward movement of the connecting rod 42 then results in rotation of the bell crank 46 around its instantaneous point of contact with the roller stop 67, thus causing return movement of the claw 51 with respect to the arm 45. This releases the upper layer of cloth.

It is again noted that said patent further clarifies the above matters and the further details are not repeated herein verbatim.

Upper holding arms The next device to be considered on the jack shaft 15 is a cam C. This cam C controls the follower 69 on an oscillating lever 71, (Fig. 4), the latter being connected by means of a connecting rod 73 with a crank 75 (Fig. 2). The oscillating lever 71 is supported by a shaft 48 held in bearings 50 (Fig. 4). The crank 75 is fastened to a shaft 52 held in bearings 54 (Fig. 2). The shaft 52 carries a second crank 56 which is loosely pinned at its outer end 81 with vertically extending twin rods 58 which connect with bell cranks 60 comprising upper holding arms bent as at 62 to effect entry into a bag mouth. Unlike the said Patent 1,828,881, these are not operated from the same cam as are the lower holding arms 64.

A lower set of holding arms 83 bent as at 64 to enter a bag mouth are resiliently held in bearings 89 in a frame 91, said frame being pivoted to the main frame 1 at 109 (Fig. 2). The frame 91 is provided with an extension 93 which is connected with an oscillating lever 66 by means of a connecting rod 95 (Figs. 1, 2 and 3). movement of the lever 66 causes a forward and backward swinging motion of both the upper and lower holding arms 60 and 83.

By means of the bearings 89 the lower holding arms 83 may rock laterally. They are held in separated position by means of toggle levers 97.

In order to operate the lower arms 83, these toggle levers 97 are pinned to a cross head 68 which is moved up and down by means of a rod 70, the rod 70 being held at its lower end to a lever 72 carried on a shaft 74 and held in bearings 76 Thus rocking in said frame 91. The upper end of the rod is slidably supported in a bearing 78 carried on said frame 91. It will be seen that the frame 91 also carries the bearings for the bell crank 60 which comprises the upper holding arms.

The shaft 74 (Fig. 3) carries an extending lever 80 which by means of a connecting rod 82 is connected to a rocker 84 carried loosely on the shaft 48 and having a follower 86 engaging a cam D (Fig. 4).

Thus it will be seen that the cams C and D are responsible for spreading action of the upper and lower holding arms 60 and 83. These arms are provided with a swinging component of motion by the swinging of frame 91. Said swinging of the frame 91 is brought about by the movement of the extension 93 by way of connecting rod 95 (Fig. 3) and rocker 66, the latter being operated by contact at its follower 88 by a cam E on said cam shaft 15 (Fig. 4). The rocker 66 is mounted on a shaft 270 borne in bearings 271.

The cams C, D and E are so shaped and timed that the upper and lower holding arms 60 and 83 respectively, are drawn together and rotated toward the right end of the machine as shown in Fig. 7 and then driven to the left and spread apart as shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, the pick-up mechanism 42, 46, 45, 51 at this time holding open the uppermost bag 90 which the upper and lower holding arms at this time enter and spread (Figs. 1 and 2).

In order that the bag 90 may be resiliently temporarily held on the holding arms. the upper arms 60 are caused to juxtapose th mselves and the cloth thereover against rubber or like resilient pads 92 held on rigid supports 94.

Ejection of bags In order that turned bags may be ejected from the machine, there is provided the described set of fly arms 35 adapted to swing through the angle 145 shown in Fig. l. and beneath three sets of rolls 146, 147, 148.

The rolls 148, 147 and 148 constitute an improvement herein. The rolls 146 and the roll 147 are rotatably mounted on side supports 96, the rolls 146 being driven by a chain sprocket mechanism 98 from said shaft 14. These rolls 146 are in fact pulleys and have belts 100 thereover which belts idle over the take-off roll 147. The point of tangency between the belts 100 and the roll 147 is adjacent to the last position assumed by the ends of the turning stick 17 (see dotted lines Fig. 1), thus causing a turned bag on said sticks to be frictionally engaged between the belts 100 and the roll 147.

To the right the belts 100 pass over fixed idler rolls or pulleys 102, mounted on a shaft 104. The belts return over a set of idling tension rolls 106 which are normally forced to tension the belt by means of counterweights 108 on rocker arms 110 oscillably depending from a cross member 112.

The bags intended to be turned by this mechanism may include jute bags which do not normally flatten themselves and should be so fiattened or so ironed as they come out of this machine. In order to flatten or iron the bags, I provide a set of ironer rolls 148 (Fig. 5) mounted on a shaft 114 which is in turn held on rocking levers 150, the latter being pivoted to the frame 1. Springs 152 normally urge the swingable shaft 114 so as to press the ironer rolls 148 against any bag which may be delivered over the takeoff roll 147. The ironer rolls 148 are driven by a swing chain drive 300 from the drive shaft 14.

Thus each bag is substantially flattened throughout its whole width as it is delivered down into position in front of the upwardly extending fly fingers 37. This is done both by the belt 100 and ironer rolls. 148.

Cordination is such that as the bag finally is freed from the ironing operation and dropped ahead of the fingers 37, that said fingers 37 whip counterclockwise into the machine and automatically deposit the bags one by one upon an interior table 154.

This method of ejecting bags, including ironing the same and delivering them interiorly of the frame constitutes an improvement over said Patent 1,828,881. The floor space saved is that which would be about used by the outward extension of the fly fingers 37. The saving in floor space is approximately one-third of the total length of the machine.

Bag supply It is desirable that the stack of the bags S have the uppermost bag thereof maintained substantially at a constant level as turning of successive bags proceeds and as the stack is being decreased. In order to accomplish this end, the stack S is formed upon a table board 165. This table board is arranged in three parts, namely, with fixed central board 156, with a fixed sloping side board 158 and a hinged sloping side board 160, the latter being engageable with a fixed stop 162 upon descent of the table to its lowermost position. This lowermost position is the leading position of the table, and the board 160 is at this time automatically caused to be level with the board 156, in order that the stack of bags may be slid into position on the table from a suitably aligned outside truck board or the like. When the table raises, the hinged board 160 gravitationally drops into a position symmetrical with respect to the fixed board 158. This results in both sides of the stack dropping an amount adapted to make up for the increased thickness of the bags at the seam edges and folded edges, so that the central area of the top of the stack is as high as, or higher than the lateral edges. Thus the pick-up and spreading mechanism will always operate effectively.

The table boards 156, 158 and 160 (Figs. 1, 6 and 7) are mounted upon a frame 164 which is guided for vertical movement upon by bearing around a post 166 and by means of guides 170 on the frame 1. A front guide plate 172 is proiio vided for definitely aligning the stack in position I on the table.

The table and its load are counterbalanced by a weight 174 connected to a rope 176 which passes over a pulley 178 and is fastened to the table supporting frame at 180.

In order that each successive bag may be presented to the pick-up mechanism in the proper relative position, I provide the following table raising mechanism:

Table raising mechanism linkage 182, 184, 186, as determined by cam B. A locking pawl 192 pivoted to the frame 1 is adapted to lock the ratchet 188 against reversal.

In order to manually and temporarily release the ratchet 188 and thus lower the table when desired, I provide the pawls 190 and 192 with links 194 and 196 respectively having slots 198 engaging a pin 200 of a manually operable lever 202. Rotation of the lever 252 clockwise (as shown by the arrow) causes the links 194 and 196 to withdraw the pawls from the ratchet teeth and thus release the same.

The connection between the ratchet wheel 188 and table will now be described. This comprises a flexible cable 294 wound on a drum 208 attached to the ratchet shaft 206, the shaft 206 being afiixed to the ratchet 188. This cable 204 passes over a pulley 210 and then downwardly over a sheave wheel 212 and upwardly to an anchor 214.

From the above it will be seen that under oscillation of the crank 102 caused by cam B, the ratchet 188 advances tooth by tooth as the bags are taken from the stack S, the proportions being such that the table is lifted substantially the distance of one bag thickness for each cycle of operation. The use of the sheave wheel 212 and cable results in a mechanical advantage being attained and reduction in motion of the table for a given ratchet movement. Hence more coarse ratchet teeth may be used; also a lighter ratchet mechanism in general.

Operation in general (first form) The operation of the first form of the machine is as follows referring to Figs. 1 to '7:

The table 165 is lowered until the board 160 contacts with the stop 162, thereby lifting said board 160 to become level with the board 156. Thereupon, a truck or the like is brought into or has been in position, upon which a few hundred or so of the bags are stacked. The board 160 is level with the bed of the truck so that the bags may be pushed tangentially on to the table 165. The stack of bags S on the table 165 is then pushed into position against the forward vertical guide board 172, so as to properly position the mouth forwardly and just ahead of the pick-up mechamsm.

To properly position the table board 155, the table supporting mechanism is raised so that the topmost bag of the stack S is just above the upper edge of the guide plate 172. The manual raising of the table 165 is at this time accomplished by turning a crank 216 located on the ratchet shaft 206. After the machine has been started, the action of the lifting of the table 165 is automatic. Thus each succeeding bag is in a position corresponding to that of the preceding one and the pick-up means is thus operable at about the same elevation at all times. The constants of operation are not varied, this result being materially assisted by the form of table. With the bags in position, the operation of the turning sticks will now be described:

Started with the machine in the position shown in Fig. 1, the sticks 17 and spreader arms 60, 83, are separating, the sticks going rearward. and the arms forward. After further movement, the upper and lower holding arms 60, 83 respectively are positioned forwardly as far as they will go (see Fig. 3). All of the holding arms are close to one another laterally considered. The pick-up arm 45 is raised having picked up one side of the topmost bag.

Prior to this, the cycle of operation has been started by the pick-up arm 45 descending to the top surface of the top bag of the stack S, this being done conjunctively with the fingers 51. It will be seen that as the pick-up lever 45 descends, the outer ends 55 of the fingers 51 will move to the left and then rest lightly upon the upper layer of cloth with a normal force which is independent of the force pressing the lever 45 to the stack. The needles 59 will start to pierce or penetrate the upper layer of cloth when they come to rest but will not pass through it, because they are made short enough to accomplish this result.

As the link 42 lifts under continued action, the bell crank 46 is rotated clockwise. This draws the fingers 51 to the left, the needle 59 in each finger 51 slightly pricking the cloth and forcing the upper layer thereof in a left-hand direction to form a wrinkle. Finally the wrinkle is completely gripped but the second layer of cloth is left unmoved. When the reaction due to gripping the wrinkle is complete, the pick-up lever 45 begins to move under the lifting action of the bell crank 45 and link 42. This lifts the upper layer of the first bag and that layer only, and provides a positive means for grasping said upper layer.

The next movement is for the holding arms 60 and 64 (now positioned relatively close to one another) to enter the now open mouth of the bag. The lower holding arms maintain a position close to the lower layer of the bag, that is, near the upper face of the stack S. Then the lower arms spread apart. Inasmuch as the arms 64 are near the lower layer of the bag being turned, they spread out along the lower straight edge and insure that there will be no fold or cuff when the corners of the bag are reached thereby. Thus when the fingers 51 of the lifting mechanism release the upper layer of the bag, the mouth of the bag will be positively stretched without a cuff or irregularity in the upper edge. Any irregularity in the upper edge caused by the pickup action will be straightened out by this procedure.

It should also be noted at this point that the upper holding arms 60 press the mouth of the bag into contact with the resilient pieces 92. The finger 51 having released the bag after proper entry and spreading of the arms 60 and 83, the bag is stretched open on the now separated arms.

Next, the turning stick 1'7 pushes the bottom or base of the bag through the mouth. The bag is then slipped off of the holding arms, turned inside out and positioned on the turning sticks 17 as said sticks proceed. Perfect turning is assured because the region of the bag near its mouth is resiliently held between the upper holding arms 60 and the resilient pads 92. That is to say, the bag is not stripped from the holding arms until turning has been substantially completed. This comprises another of the improved features of the invention.

In Fig. 1 is shown in dotted lines the forward position of the turning sticks 17. The ends of the sticks 17 deliver the bottom edge of the bag between the delivery roll 147 and the belt 100, said bag being simultaneously ironed throughout its width and dropped into the dotted line position shown in said figure. At this juncture the fly fingers 37 whip the bag counterclockwise down on the receiving table 154.

Variation of the pick-up mechanism In Figs. 12 to 15 is shown a departure in regard to the pick-up mechanism. In the pick-up mechanism above described, and as described in said Patent 1,828,881, a wrinkle in the upper layer of cloth is pinched prior to the actual picking up. The pick-up about to be described changes this feature and effects a stretching.

Referring to Fig. 12, there is shown at numeral 42, the lifter link which is directly attached to the lifter arm 45. The arm 45, at its outer end, has formed thereon contact fingers 101 provided with points or serrations or other spiculate means 103 which are inclined forwardly along the length of the arm 45. It is to be understood that the points 103 may be effected, either by inserting needle points, or roughened or serrated edges or otherwise. In 13 is an end view of the contact fingers 101, the same being provided with serrated edges for purposes of example. The fingers 101 in effect form a comb-like or tined structure. Between the tines are pinned as at 272 fingers 105, also carrying similar spiculate means 107. The swing fingers 105 are normally drawn rearwardly against a stop 301 by means of springs 109.

As will beseen, the points 103 belonging to the fingers 101 incline outwardly from the point of pivoting 40 of the arm 45; whereas the points 107 on the swing fingers 105 incline toward said pivot point 40, referring to a vertical line as a norm.

The pick-up mechanism illustrated in Fig. 12 operates as follows:

When the pick-up arm 45 is elevated from the upper surface of the stack of bags, the swing fingers 105 are held back against the stops 107 by means of the springs 109. As the arm 45 descends, the first points to make contact are the ends of the swing fingers 105 which are thereby rotated coimterclockwise. The rearwardly directed points 107 thereon do not pierce the cloth but ride over it.

At a predetermined time, the rigid fingers 101 at the end of the pick-up arm 45 contact with the upper layer of cloth and thereby stop the clockwise motion of said pick-up arm 45. At this time the points 103 of the rigid fingers 101 tend to, but do not Wholly, enter the top layer of cloth.

As the pick-up arm 45 is raised, the springs 109 immediately rotate the swing fingers 105 in a clockwise direction and the points 107 promptly catch the cloth and, instead of forming a wrinkle, tend to stretch the same and positively impale it on the points 103. At this time the cloth is beginning to be lifted so that the definite increased puncturing oi the upper layer thereof by the points 103, 107 may be definitely carried. on without fear of catching in the second layer of cloth. Thus the upper layer of cloth is positively held and drawn upwardly, independently of the second layer, as is desired.

It will be noted that in this form of pick-up mechanism. there is no automatic release, the

. action of the arms and 83 stripping the bag from the points 103, 107 by a direct pull. The multiplicity of fingers 101, 105 and springs 109 results in independent catching and therefore assures a pick-up, even though one or more finger mechanisms but less than the whole number fail.

In Figs. 14 and 15 is shown another variation of the constructions shown in Fig. 12. Like numerals designate like parts. In this form, the forward set of fingers 111 and the rearward set of fingers 113 both rest upon a stirrup 115, the latter being held to the pick-up arm 45 at the end thereof. The fingers 111 are pivoted directly to the arm 45, as shown at numeral 117; whereas the fingers 113 are pivoted at 119 to a set of links 121, the latter in turn being pivoted directly to the arm 45 to 123. Springs 125 normally draw the links 121 rearwardly against one arm of a bell crank 12?, said bell crank being pivoted at 129 to the arm 45. The other leg of the bell crank 127 pivotally engages the lifter rod 42.

In Fig. 14 is shown the operation upon descent. The lifter arm 45 moves clockwise, the outer fingers 111 being the first to engage the cloth. This causes a slight puncturing by the points 103 which in this case I show as being needle points corresponding to those shown in said patent.

The next event is that the other set of fingers 113 strike the upper layer of cloth and thereafter the continuous downward motion of the lifter rod 42 causes the bell crank 127 to leave its stop 131, thus forcing over the link 121 and stretching the springs 125 and by driving the links 121, forcing the fingers 113 to the right. Inasmuch as the needle points 107 in said fingers 113 are inclined rearwardly, this sliding can take place. It will be noted in this connection that the needle points 103 in the other set of fingers 111 are oppositely inclined with respect to a vertical norm.

Next, when the lifter arm 42 is drawn up, as shown in Fig. 15, the first action is that the bell crank 127 rotates clockwise until it engages its stop 131. The springs 125 draw the links 121 clockwise, thereby drawing the fingers 113 to the left and causing the points 107 to impale the cloth and stretch the area thereof between said points 107 and 103. This stretching assures that the cloth is positively held by the points. After the bell crank 127 engages its stop 131, the whole lifter arm 45 is drawn upwardly and counterclockwise by the lifting action of the lifter rod 42. After a predetermined amount of lift, the tail piece 133 of said bell crank 127 engages the stop 67 so that, relatively to the arm 45, the bell crank 127 is rotated counterclockwise, thus causing the points 103 and 107 to approach one another, so as to relieve the stretch of the cloth therebetween, whereupon the same may be stripped off by the action of the remainder of the mechanism.

The advantage of this form of lifting mechanism is that no wrinkle needs to be formed in the cloth and the gripping action is perfected as the cloth lifts, thereby causing differentiation between the upper layer and the second one which differentiation is more positive.

Modification for lining turned bags In Figs. 8 to 11 are shown such modified parts of the machine above described, as are necessary for disclosing the modification for simultaneously applying a liner to the bags as they are turned.

The liners comprise light cotton material shaped as a slightly smaller interior bag' adapted to be positioned in the turned heavier jute or like bag above described. This liner should be applied with its mouth remaining slightly outside of the mouth of the outside main bag, the lower fold being spaced from the lower fold of the outside bag, in order that filling may be accomplished without material getting between the liner and the outside bag. Then by holding the outside bag, gravity forces the filled liner into position. The modification to be described effects this result.

Referring to Fig. 8, like numerals designate like parts, as above described.

In this modification, the extension 3 is provided with another rock shaft 135 which carries a second frame 137, not unlike the frame 7. This second frame 137 has a crank arm 139 afiixed thereto, which by means of a connecting rod 141 extending to said crank pin 11 on gear 13 causes oscillations of said frame 137. Adjusting means 143 both in the connecting rod 141 and connecting rod 9 serve to place the machine into proper adjustment for use.

The crank arms 139 and 8 on the frames 137 and 7 respectively, have the same phase relationship in the forward position shown in Fig. 8, and thus the said frames 137 and 7 have the same phase or parallel relationship. However, inasmuch as the crank arm 139 is of the order of onehalf as long as the crank arm 8, as shown, the angular velocity of the frame 137 is about twice that of the frame 7 and hence in equal units of time, as measured by the crank pin 11, the frame 137 will travel through approximately twice the angle that the frame 7 will travel through, as shown by the dotted lines in said Fig. 8. It will be understood that the quantitative relationships given, are approximate only and may be varied according to design requirements.

As will be understood from the above, the frame 7, which executes the lesser angle of swing, is the one which effects bag turning. The added frame 137 is for the purpose of swinging farther rearwardly and upon forward movement entering the liner to drive the same forward into the outside bag as said outside bag is being turned and projected.

To this end, the frame 137 is provided with driving sticks 145 which are mounted in bearings 247 in the frame 137 so that said sticks may also swing laterally. These sticks 145 are also provided with extending arms 149 which carry followers 151 adapted to follow upon a cam 153, the latter being fastened to the frame 1. Thus it will be seen that there is provided a set of driving sticks 145 which operate analogously to the operation of said turning sticks 17. The primary difference is that the driving sticks 145 swing rearwardly through a larger angle in order to become adjacent to a region where liners may be picked up. The turning functions of the machine are analogous to those described in connection with Figs. 1 to 7.

The take-off means comprises analogous rolls 146, 147 and 148 except that the rolls 146 and 147 touch and the belts 100 are omitted. The rolls 146 and 147 are grooved at 275 to permit the ends of the turning sticksto enter and thus positively position the bags for frictional engagement. In this case the ironer rolls 148 and the rolls 146 are on one pivotal member 276 driven by one chain 277 instead of by separate chains, a reversing gear train 278 being used to obtain proper direction of movement.

In order to supply the driving sticks 145 with liners, to be driven forwardly into the bags which are being turned the frame 1 is somewhat extended to the right of Fig. 8, there being provided interiorly with a sloping table 155 for supporting a stack of the liners L. The lower edges of the liners are positioned downwardly, the mouths being positioned upwardly adjacent to a station X at which an operator sits.

Above the station X, there is pivoted to the frame 1, a set of loose arms 157, which gravitationally assume a position against a suitable stop 159 (Figs. 8 and 9).

Also pivoted to the frame 1 is a second set of arms 161 having thereon spring holding clips 163. By means of a bell crank arm 165 and a spring link 167 the arms 161 are driven from a rocker 169. The rocker 169 is pivoted to the main frame at 171 and, by means of a follower 173 thereon, is driven by a cam F, the cam being on the cam shaft 15.

The operator who sits at station X, grasps the uppermost cotton liner L and by causing its mouth to traverse the path shown by the arrow 11 engages the mouth over the arms 157, 161 and slips the forward side of the mouth under the springs 163. Then, after the driving sticks 145 have been lifted back into the upper dotted line position as shown in Fig. 8, the rocker arm 169 is caused automatically to operate by the cam F, thus drawing the arms 161 into the dotted line position shown in Fig. 8. The mouth of the liner is stretched rearwardly and gravitationally by the arms 157. Thus the liner is placed in the dotted line position shown in Fig. 8. At this time, the spring link 167 is slightly stretched, due to the weight of the liner and the gravity arms 157 rest on the lower edge of the mouth of the liner to hold the mouth of the liner open. This action of the machine places the open mouth of the liner in front of the ends of the driving sticks 145. Thereafter these sticks 145 drive downwardly into the open mouth of the liner and engage the bottom seam thereof. This is before the cam 153 causes spreading of the driving sticks 145.

At this time, the turning sticks 17 move ahead to turn the bag. The driving sticks 145 with the cotton liner thereon follow. They follow at a rate which is faster than the rate of movement of the turning sticks, the ratio being of the order of two to one in the present embodiment. As the motion continues, the driving sticks 145 catch up with the turning sticks 17 and pass therebetween with the liner on the driving sticks, the liner of course entering the now turned bag positioned on the turning sticks 17.

Finally, the turning sticks place the lower edge of the outer bag in the take-off roll, and at this instant, the ends 175 of the driving sticks 145 are somewhat to the rear of the ends 177 of the turning sticks. The purpose of this is to have the liner finally positioned in the bag somewhat short of the bottom of the bag and having the mouth portion of the liner outside of the mouth portion of the bag, so that material subsequently filled into the liner does not work in between the liner and the outer bag. After the liner is loaded with material, it subsequently settles down into the bag proper.

After the lined bag travels through the takeoff rollers and is delivered to the fly leaves, not shown in Fig. 8, the turning sticks 17 and the driving sticks 145 return to the dotted line position shown in Fig. 8. At this time, the arms 157 and 161 are automatically placed in retracted, solid-line position so that they are in correct position for the operator to place another liner on them.

It should be noted that in this modification of the invention, it would not be satisfactory to have a pick-up mechanism involving any lifter arm such as the arm 45 of Fig. 1. because this would be in the path of motion of the driving sticks 145 while carrying the liner. I therefore provide a pick-up mechanism which has rectilinear instead of arcuate motion on the end of an arm.

The modified form of pick-up mechanism mounting shown in Figs. 8 and 10 comprises a guide 179 depending from a cross member 181 on the frame 1. In this guide 179 is a slidable carriage 183. This carriage 183 has pinned thereon a bell crank 185 which is attached to the lifter arm 42, said arm 42 being operated from the os- Gillating rocker 41. The lower arm of the bell crank 185 is linked to the slide 51 held in the stirrup 63. An adjustable stop 187 limits the clockwise motion of the bell crank 185.

The operation is analogous to the operation of the pick-up mechanism shown in Fig. 1, the difference being that the pick-up fingers are moved up and down by translation along the guide, instead of arcuately at the end of a pick-up arm. This eliminates the arm and clears the space for operation of the driving sticks 145. There is of course retained the stop 67 for causing the pickup mechanism to release the bag at the proper juncture. It is to be understood that the principles of Figs. 12 to 15 may be applied to the rectilinearly moving carriage, as well as is the wrinkling pick-up device.

Automatic cut-out Referring to Fig. 8, it will be noted that the link 167 comprises a limited motion spring-link. Thus when a cotton liner L is clipped on the arms 161 and. the rocker arm 169 raises, the weight of the liner will cause a limited stretch in the spring link 167. It will be understood that any form of spring link may be used and that a suitable stretch limiting means is to be used such as by forming the link 167 as a hook 303. The claw of the hook is slightly spaced with respect to the rocker 169 so that only limited lost motion takes place between members 169 and 165. The limited stretch results in the upper arms 167 not being drawn up when loaded, as high as they otherwise would as when unloaded. Inasmuch as the stretch of the spring link 167 is afiected by the Weight on the arms 161, if said arms do not have a liner thereon, they will be drawn up farther.

In order that the machine shall stop when the arms 161 are not provided with a bag, the increased elevation of the arms 161' when no bag is thereon is caused to effect a contact between said arms 161 and an abutment 191 of a bell crank 193, the latter normally resting upon a stop 195. The contact results in motion being transmitted to a rod 197 and thence to a rocker arm 199 (Fig. 11), said rocker arm 199 operating to cause the spring opening clutch 201 to open. The clutch 201 is driven by the driving motor 2. Thus the machine is stopped whenever the operator has failed to properly provide a liner ever the arms 157 and 161.

It is also desirable to stop the machine when no bag is picked up by the pick-up mechanism, as when that mechanism is not functioning properly. For this purpose, the rocker arm 199 (Fig. 11) is provided with a connection 203 to a bell crank 205, the latter being pivoted at 207 to the frame 1, and having a feeler end 209 adapted normally not to be engaged by the upper spreader arms 60, so long as said arms have a bag mouth thereover. As long as the bag mouth is over the arms 60, said arms are restrained from spreading apart as far as they would were the bag not in position, the normal spring of the arms permitting this.

Thus the bag mouth normally functions as a restrainer for the resilient arms which arms assume one position when restrained and another when unrestrained. In this case the resilient pads 92 are not used. When unrestrained, one of the arms engages the bell crank 205 thus throwing out the clutch 201. Thus it will be seen that when a bag is missing from these spreader arms, as when the pick-up mechanism fails to work, the clutch is opened and the entire mechanism stopped.

After the trouble has been cleared, the clutch may be reclosed by a suitable linkage 211, a part of which is shown in Fig. 11 and which reaches to the operators foot. This linkage will not be further described, as such linkages are well known. The clutch is also known as to details and these will not be further set out.

Advantages The advantage of this bag turner and liner, in respect to the bag turner disclosed in said Patent 1,828,881 are as follows:

1. The machine is arranged, both generally and in particular to eiiect a reduction in size. Thus the bags are stacked interiorly of the same, instead of upon an exterior extension. Also, as in Fig. 8, the translatory movement is provided for the pick-up mechanism so as to make room for the interior swinging of the liner driving arms 145. Another point in this connection is that the upper spreading jaw arms 60 are operated from below and the lower spreading jaw arms are operated from a point higher up, thus further reducing the size of the mechanism.

2. The improved counter-balanced bag lifting table with the sloping and hinged wing may be more easily loaded, operated by a smaller ratchet mechanism having coarse, long wearing teeth. It also provides a better upper bag stack surface upon which the lifter mechanism may operate.

3. The take-off system effects an ironing of the bags as they leave and ensures a smooth, fiat product properly stacked.

4. The bags are more accurately turned.

5. There is provision of means for automatically and effectively lining the bags.

6. Adjustments are provided for properly turning and correlating the liners with respect to the turned bags.

7. Automatic stop means are provided, whereby undue confusion is avoided, should either the bag turning or lining elements temporarily fail to operate.

In view of the above, it will be seen that the several objects of the invention are achieved and other advantageous results attained.

As many changes could be made in carrying out the above constructions without departing from the scope of the invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

I claim:

1. In bag turning apparatus, a frame, means for turning bags and moving the same with a component of motion in one direction with respect to the center line of said frame, stacking means, means for delivering said bags to the stacking means at the end of said movement, said stacking means finally moving the bags with a component having a direction along said center line which is opposite to said turning movement.

2. In bag turning apparatus, a frame, means for turning bags and moving the same in one direction within said frame, stacking means, means for delivering said bags to the stacking means at the end of said movement, said stacking means finally moving the bags in a direction generally opposite to said turning movement and stacking them within the confines of the frame. 1 v

3. In bag turning apparatus, means for picking bags up from a stack, means for turning said bags and projecting them in a predetermined direction, and means for subsequently moving said bags and stacking the same, said last-named movement being toward the original stack from which the bags were picked up.

4. In bag turning apparatus, means for turning bags and moving them along a predetermined path, means for moving said turned bags from the end of said path comprising an ejecting roll, a belt mounted to drive said roll, the belt and the roll having a point of tangency adjacent the end of said path whereby the bags are frictionally engaged to be moved between the belt and roll.

5. In bag turning apparatus, means for turning bags and moving them along a predetermined path, means for receiving said turned bags at the end of said path comprising an ejecting roll, at least one belt mounted to engage said roll, the belt and the roll having a point of tangency adjacent the end of said path whereby bags are frictionally driven and ejected, and ironing means pressing the bags against said roll where they are not pressed by the belt.

6. In bag turning apparatus, means for turning bags and moving them along a predetermined path, means for receiving said turned bags at the end of said path comprising an ejecting roll, at least one belt mounted to engage said roll, the belt and the roll having a point of tangency adjacent the end of said path, and ironing means resiliently held against said ejecting roll.

7. In bag turning apparatus, means for turning bags and moving them along a predetermined path, means for receiving said turned bags at the end of said path comprising an ejecting roll, a belt mounted to engage said roll, the belt and the roll having a point of tangency adjacent the end of said path, and ironing means resiliently held against said ejecting roll, said ironing means comprising at least one pressure roller swingably mounted to press the bag against said roll where not engaged by the belt.

8. In bag turning apparatus, means for turning bags and moving them along a predetermined path, means for receiving said turned bags at the end of said path comprising an ejecting roll, a belt mounted to drive said roll, the belt and the roll having a point of tangency adjacent the end of said path and ironing means resiliently held against the bag on said ejecting roll, said ironing means comprising at least one resiliently pressed pressure roller swingably mounted, and independent driving means for said pressure roller and said belt.

9. In bag turning apparatus, an elevating table comprising a central portion, at least one depressed sideward portion positioned beneath the thicker lateral edges of bags placed on the elevator, and means for automatically lifting said depressed portion when the elevator is completely depressed, whereby a stack of bags may be horizontally slid into place.

10. In bag turning apparatus, an elevating table comprising a central portion, depressed sideward portions positioned beneath the thicker lateral edges of bags placed on the elevator, and means for automatically lifting at least one of said depressed portions when the elevator is depressed, whereby a stack of bags may be horizontally slid into place.

11. In bag turning apparatus, a supporting table for a stack of bags, a ratchet mechanism adapted to automatically elevate said table step by step, a cable connection between said ratchet mechanism and the table, said connection including a pulley block arrangement, whereby the velocity ratio is decreased between the table and ratchet mechanism.

12. In bag turning apparatus, a frame, a supporting table thereon for a stack of bags, a ratchet mechanism adapted to automatically elevate said table step by step, a cable connection between said ratchet mechanism and the table, said cable connection including a pulley block on the table, said cable passing through the pulley block and being anchored to said frame, whereby said table is elevated at reduced velocity ratio with respect to the ratchet mechanism, thereby causing larger teeth to be used in the ratchet mechanism for a given increment of table lift.

13. In bag turning apparatus, a supporting table for a stack of bags, a ratchet mechanism adapted to automatically elevate said table step by step, a cable connection between said ratchet mechanism and the table, said cable connection including a pulley block on the table, said cable passing through the pulley block and being anchored therebeyond, whereby said table is elevated, and a counter weight associated with said cable.

14. In bag turning apparatus, pick-up means adapted to open the mouth of a bag, a plurality of spreader arms adapted to enter said open mouth and thereafter to spread, and resilient means adapted to be engaged by the bag material as it is spread by said arms, turning means adapted to turn said bags while on the arms, said resilient means ensuring proper turning before the turning means strip the bags from said arms.

15. In bag turning apparatus, pick-up means comprising a member adapted to be driven against the uppermost face of a stack of bags and having spiculate means inclined in a certain direction, articulated means associated therewith having spiculate means oppositely inclined, means tensioning said second spiculated means to normally separate the same from said first-named spiculated means, and means for automatically removing the tension, and driving said spiculated means together as they descend upon a layer of fabric or the like.

16. In bag turning apparatus, a pick-up mechanism comprising adjacent elements having oppositely inclined and spiculated elements, means for forcing said spiculate elements together upon pressing them against a layer of fabric or the like, and means for automatically spreading said spiculate elements as they are lifted, whereby said layer of fabric is caught by the spiculate elements and stretched therebetween and lifted.

17. In bag turning apparatus, a pick-up mechanism comprising adjacent elements having oppositely inclined spiculate elements, means for forcing said spiculate elements together upon pressing them against a layer of fabric or the like, and means for automatically spreading said spiculate elements as they are lifted, whereby said layer of fabric is caught by the spiculate elements and stretched therebetween and lifted and means for automatically causing said spiculate elements to approach after a predetermined lift, wherby said fabric is released.

18. In bag turning apparatus, a pick-up mechanism comprising adjacent elements having spiculate elements, means for forcing said spiculate elements toward one another upon pressing them against a web of material, said spiculate elements being sloped to ride over the web during said movement, and means for automatically spreading said spiculate elements as they are lifted, whereby said layer of fabric is caught by the spiculate elements and stretched therebetween to be lifted.

19. In bag turning apparatus, a pick-up mechanism comprising adjacent elements having spiculate elements, means for forcing said spiculate elements together upon pressing them against a layer of material, and means for automatically spreading said spiculate elements as they are lifted, whereby said layer of fabric is caught by the spiculate elements and stretched therebetween to be lifted.

20. In bag turning apparatus, a pick-up mechanism comprising adjacent elements having spiculate elements, means for forcing said spiculate elements together by the reaction engendered upon pressing them against a layer of material, and resilient separating means for automatically spreading said spiculate elements as they are lifted, whereby said layer of fabric is caught by the spiculate elements and stretched therebetween to be lifted.

21. In bag turning apparatus, a pick-up mechcomprising adjacent elements having spiculate elements, means for forcing said spiculate elements together by the reaction engendered upon pressing them against a layer of material, and separating means for automatically spreading said spiculate elements as they are lifted, whereby said layer of fabric is caught by the spiculate elements.

22. Bag turning and lining apparatus comprising means for opening and spreading the mouth :of a bag, said means frictionally holding the bag adjacent its mouth, means adapted to be driven through the mouth of the bag to force the body of the bag through said mouth, whereby the bag is turned, and means driven through said mouth behind said turning means adapted to carry a liner into the bag.

23. Bag turning and lining apparatus comprising means for opening and spreading the mouth of a bag, said means frictionally holding the bag adjacent its mouth, means adapted to be driven through the mouth of the bag to force the body of the bag through said mouth, whereby the bag is turned, and means driven through said mouth, behind sai turning means adapted to carry a liner into the bag.

24. Bag turning and lining apparatus comprising means for opening and spreading the mouth of a bag, said means frictionally holding the bag adjacent its mouth, means adapted to be driven 'f through the mouth of the bag to force the body of the bag through said mouth, whereby the bag is turned, and means driven through said mouth behind said turning means adapted to carry a liner into the bag, said liner driving means hav- "1 ing a speed which is greater than that of the turning means.

25. Bag turning and lining apparatus comprising means for opening and spreading the mouth of a bag, said means frictionally holding the bag adjacent its mouth, means adapted to be driven through the mouth of the bag to force the body of the bag through said mouth, whereby the bag is turned, and means driven through said mouth behind said turning means adapted to carry a liner into the bag, said liner driving means having a speed which is greater than that of the turning means, the bottom of the liner being adapted to be placed short of the final position :of the bottom of the turned bag and the mouth of the liner extending beyond the mouth of said bag.

26. Bag turning and lining apparatus comprising means for opening and spreading the mouth of a bag, means adapted to be driven through the mouth of the bag to force the body of the bag through said mouth and to spread the same in so doing, whereby the bag is turned, and means driven through said mouth behind said turning means adapted to carry a liner into the bag and to spread the same in so doing.

Bag turning and lining apparatus comprising means for opening and spreading the mouth of a bag, means adapted to be driven through the mouth of the bag to force the body of the bag through said mouth and to spread the same in so doing, whereby the bag is turned, and means driven through said mouth behind said turning adapted to carry a liner into the bag and LO spread the same in so doing and means for flattening throughout its width the turned, lined and spread bag.

28. Bag turning and lining apparatus comprising means for opening and spreading the mouth of a bag, means adapted to be driven through the mouth of the bag to force the body of the bag through said mouth, and means driven through said mouth behind said turning means adapted to carry a liner into the bag, means for flattening the turned and lined bag, and means for stacking a series of such bags beneath the line of turning and lining movement.

29. In bag turning apparatus, means for holding open the mouth of the bag, turning means adapted to be driven through the mouth of the bag to take the body of the bag through said mouth and to project the bag, means for holding open the mouth of a liner, driving means adapted to pass through the open mouth of the liner and carry said liner through the mouth of said bag as said bag is being turned and projected.

30. In bag turning apparatus, means for holding open the mouth of the bag, turning sticks adapted to be driven through the mouth of the bag to take the body of the bag through said mouth and to project the bag, means for holding open the mouth of the liner, driving sticks adapted to pass through the open mouth of the liner .and carry said liner through the mouth of said bag as said bag is being turned and projected, and means for driving the turning means and the liner driving means, suitable connections therebetween, the connections being arranged so that the relative displacements between the turning and driving means are adapted to properly position the liner within the bag by the time that the bag reaches its ultimate turned position after projection.

31. In bag turning apparatus, means for holding open the mouth of the bag, turning sticks adapted to be driven through the mouth of the bag to take the body of the bag through said mouth and to project the bag, means for holding open the mouth of the liner, driving sticks adapted to pass through the open mouth of the liner and carry said liner through the mouth of said bag as said bag is being turned, means for driving the turning means and the driving means, connections therebetween, the connections being arranged so that the relative displacements between the turning and driving means are adapted to place the liner within the bag when the bag reaches its turned position after projection, ironing means to thereafter flatten the lined bag and means for stacking the bag beneath the line of projection.

32. Bag turning and lining apparatus comprising means for opening the mouth of a bag, means adapted to be driven through the mouth of the bag to force the body of the bag through said mouth, whereby the bag is turned, means for opening a liner mouth and means driven through said liner mouth behind said turning means adapted to carry the liner into the turned bag and automatic means for stopping the operation of the machine whenever there is a failure of either a bag or a liner mouth opening operation.

33. In bag turning and lining apparatus, means for opening the mouth of a bag, turning sticks adapted to be driven through the mouth of the bag and carrying the body of the bag therethrough, means for carrying a liner into said bag as it is being turned, and means arranged outside of the path of carriage of the liner adapted to automatically pick up one side of each successive bag mouth to arrange it for said opening operation.

34. In bag turning and lining apparatus, means for spreading open the mouth of a bag, an oscillable frame oscillated throughout its working range at certain velocities, a second oscillable frame oscillated throughout its working range at higher corresponding velocities, turning sticks associated with the first-named frame and liner-driving sticks associated with the second-named frame, the final position of all of the sticks being adjacent to one another, and the retracted position of the driving sticks being substantially farther than the retracted position of the turning sticks, means for driving the turning sticks through the open mouth of a bag, means for driving the driving sticks through the open mouth of a liner, the driving sticks catching up with the turning sticks to send the liner through the mouth of said bag as the turning sticks carry the body of the bag through said bag mouth, and means for controlling the lateral positions of all of the sticks to properly turn and spread the bags and to properly spread the liners therein.

35. Bag turning and lining apparatus comprising means for opening and spreading the mouth of a bag, resilient'reaction means frictionally holding the bag adjacent its mouth, means adapted to be driven through the mouth of the bag to force the body of the bag through said mouth, whereby the bag is turned, and means driven through said mouth behind said turning means adapted to carry a liner into the bag, said liner driving means having a speed which is greater than that of the turning means, the bottom of the liner being placed short of the final position of the bottom of the turned bag and the mouth of the liner extending from the mouth of said bag.

36. In bag turning and lining apparatus, means for spreading open the mouth of a bag, turning means adapted to be driven through the mouth of the bag and carrying the body of the bag therethrough, means for carrying a liner into said bag as it is being turned, and means for automatically stopping the machine upon failure to properly supply a bag or a liner to the respective turning and liner carrying means.

37. In bag turning and lining apparatus, means for spreading open the mouth of a bag, an oscillable frame oscillated throughout its working range at certain velocities, a second oscillable 10!; frame oscillated throughout its working range at higher velocity, laterally swingable turning sticks associated with the first-named frame and liner-driving sticks associated with the secondnained frame, cams controlling the swing of the two sets of sticks, the retracted position of the driving sticks being substantially farther than the retracted position of the turning sticks, means for driving the turning sticks through the open mouth of a bag, means for driving the driving 110 sticks through the open mouth of a liner, the driving sticks catching up with the turning sticks to send the liner through the mouth of said bag as the turning sticks carry the body of the bag through said bag mouth.

38. Bag turning and lining apparatus comprising means for opening and spreading the mouth of a bag, means adapted to be driven through the mouth of the bag to force the body of the bag through said mouth, whereby the bag is 1252- turned, and means driven through said mouth behind said turning means adapted to carry a liner into the bag.

CHARLES F. SPARKS. 

